Class 10 CBSE Notes: Transportation in Human Beings and Plants (Life Processes)

 

Transportation in Human Beings: 

Transportation in Human Beings involves the movement of essential substances such as food, oxygen, and waste materials throughout the body. Understanding this process is crucial for comprehending how our bodies function. Here’s a detailed breakdown:

1. Blood Circulation

Blood Components

• Plasma: Fluid medium that transports food, CO₂, and nitrogenous wastes in dissolved form.
• Red Blood Cells (RBCs): Carry oxygen.
• White Blood Cells (WBCs): Fight infections.
• Platelets: Help in blood clotting.

Blood Vessels

• Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart under high pressure. Thick, elastic walls.
• Veins: Return blood to the heart. Thinner walls and valves to prevent backflow.
• Capillaries: Microscopic vessels where exchange of substances occurs.

2. The Heart: Our Muscular Pump

Structure of the Heart

• Chambers: Four chambers – two atria (upper) and two ventricles (lower).
• Valves: Prevent backflow of blood.
• Double Circulation: Blood passes through the heart twice in each cycle, ensuring efficient oxygen supply.

Blood Flow Pathway

1. Oxygenated Blood: Lungs → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle → Body
2. Deoxygenated Blood: Body → Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Lungs

3. Blood Pressure

• Systolic Pressure: Pressure during heart contraction (~120 mm Hg).
• Diastolic Pressure: Pressure during heart relaxation (~80 mm Hg).
• Measurement: Done using a sphygmomanometer.
• Hypertension: High blood pressure caused by constricted arterioles, leading to increased blood flow resistance.

4. Blood Clotting

• Platelets: Cells that help in clotting by forming plugs at injury sites.
• Clotting Process: Prevents blood loss and maintains pressure within the system.

5. Lymphatic System

• Lymph: Fluid that escapes from capillaries into tissues.
• Functions: Transports fat from intestines and drains excess fluid from tissues back into blood.

6. Transportation in Plants

Xylem and Phloem

• Xylem: Conducts water and minerals from roots to leaves.
• Phloem: Transports products of photosynthesis from leaves to other parts of the plant.

Water Transport

• Root Pressure: Pushes water upward from roots.
• Transpiration Pull: Evaporation from leaves creates suction, pulling water upwards.

Translocation

• Process: Movement of food substances (sucrose) from leaves to storage and growing tissues.
• Mechanism: Involves energy from ATP, increasing osmotic pressure in phloem, facilitating the movement.

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Mind Map: Transportation in Human Beings

1. Blood Components

   • Plasma
   • RBCs
   • WBCs
   • Platelets

2. Blood Vessels

   • Arteries
   • Veins
   • Capillaries

3. The Heart

   • Chambers: Atria, Ventricles
   • Valves
   • Double Circulation

4. Blood Pressure

   • Systolic
   • Diastolic
   • Hypertension

5. Blood Clotting

   • Platelets
   • Clotting Process

6. Lymphatic System

   • Lymph
   • Functions

Mind Map: Transportation in Plants

1. Transport Systems

   • Xylem: Water and minerals
   • Phloem: Photosynthesis products

2. Water Transport

   • Root Pressure
   • Transpiration Pull

3. Translocation

• Process and Mechanism
• Energy from ATP

Also Read:

• Excretion MCQs
• Transportation in plants MCQs
• Transportation in humans MCQs
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