In the world of plants so bright and green,
Their structures tell tales unseen.
Let’s dive deep, explore their form,
From roots to flowers, petals warm.
Roots: The Silent Anchors Below
Roots hold the plant, strong and tight,
Drawing water, a hidden delight.
Taproots grow, deep and long,
Fibrous ones, in clusters throng.
Modifications, oh what a sight,
Storage roots, fleshy and white.
Carrot, turnip, beet so sweet,
Nodulated roots where bacteria meet.
Pneumatophores in marshy ground,
Breathing roots that rise around.
Prop roots of banyan wide,
Give it strength, stand with pride.
Stem: The Mighty Supporter
From the soil, a shoot does rise,
Lifting leaves to touch the skies.
Nodes and internodes make their way,
Branching out in bright array.
Tendrils twist, in vines they play,
Thorns protect, keep foes at bay.
Rhizomes creep, underground they grow,
Ginger’s warmth, a spicy show.
Bulbs store food in layers tight,
Onions, garlic, gleaming white.
Tubers swell, with starch inside,
Potatoes, yams, a farmer’s pride.
Leaves: The Green Factories
A blade so thin, a petiole tight,
The leaf's design, a wondrous sight.
Simple ones, a single plate,
Compound ones, divided fate.
Parallel veins in monocots run,
Dicots branch beneath the sun.
Transpiration cools the air,
Stomata breathe with utmost care.
Leaf modifications, marvel anew,
Spines in cacti, water they strew.
Tendrils climb, leaflets thin,
Insectivores, with traps within!
Inflorescence: The Floral Display
Clustered flowers, arranged just right,
Racemose blooms in endless flight.
Cymose ends with a terminal grace,
Bract-covered spikes in a silent space.
Umbels spread like an umbrella wide,
Heads of sunflowers side by side.
Panicles grow, a branched delight,
Nature’s patterns, sheer insight.
Flowers: The Blossoming Beauty
Sepals green, a bud’s embrace,
Petals bright, with colors chase.
Stamens tall, the pollen bring,
Carpels form, the future spring.
Complete or incomplete they may be,
Unisexual or bisexual, as we see.
Actinomorphic, symmetry round,
Zygomorphic, in one way bound.
Hypogynous blooms with ovary high,
Perigynous, mid-level lie.
Epigynous, below the flare,
Floral whorls beyond compare!
Fruits & Seeds: The Future Begins
After the bloom, the fruit appears,
Guarding seeds through sun and years.
Dry fruits crack when ready to go,
Legumes, capsules, a windy show.
Fleshy ones, so sweet inside,
Berries, drupes, with seeds they hide.
Parthenocarpy, fruit sans seed,
Banana’s secret, human need!
Dicot seeds with two cotyledons stand,
Monocots hold just one in hand.
Dormant wait for warmth and rain,
Then they sprout to life again!
NEET MCQs on Morphology of Flowering Plants
1. Which of the following is an underground modification of the stem?
(A) Rhizome
(B) Taproot
(C) Fibrous root
(D) Tendril
Answer: (A) Rhizome
2. Which of these plants has nodulated roots for nitrogen fixation?
(A) Mango
(B) Pea
(C) Rose
(D) Banyan
Answer: (B) Pea
3. Which type of venation is found in dicot plants?
(A) Parallel
(B) Reticulate
(C) Spiral
(D) Circular
Answer: (B) Reticulate
4. What type of fruit is a banana?
(A) Drupe
(B) Berry
(C) Nut
(D) Capsule
Answer: (B) Berry
5. Which part of the plant is responsible for photosynthesis?
(A) Stem
(B) Root
(C) Leaf
(D) Flower
Answer: (C) Leaf
FAQs on Morphology of Flowering Plants
Q1: What is the function of the root system in plants?
A1: The root system anchors the plant, absorbs water and minerals, and sometimes stores food.
Q2: How do stems help in plant growth?
A2: Stems provide structural support, transport nutrients and water, and sometimes store food.
Q3: What are tendrils in plants?
A3: Tendrils are modified stems or leaves that help climbing plants attach to surfaces.
Q4: What is the difference between monocot and dicot leaves?
A4: Monocot leaves have parallel venation, while dicot leaves show reticulate venation.
Q5: Why do some plants have modified roots?
A5: Root modifications help in storage (carrot), respiration (pneumatophores), or extra support (prop roots).
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