MCQs - BIOTECHNOLOGY ( NCERT BASED) for NEET 2025 and NEET 2026


1.        Father of genetic engineering is

a.        Stanley Cohen

b.        Sreward Linn

c.        Paul Berg

d.        Kary Mullis

2.        Name the bacterium species from which the plasmid was isolated for constructing the first recombinant DNA

a.        Escherichia coli

b.        Salmonella typhimurium

c.        Haemophillus influenzae

d.        Agrobacterium typhimurium

3.        Which of the following are known as molecular scissors?

a.        Ligases

b.        Helicases

c.        Taq polymerase

d.        Restriction endonuclease

4.        Restriction endonucleases

a.        are enzymes that degrade DNA

b.        are enzymes that degrade RNA

c.        are enzymes that protect bacterial cells from viral infection

d.        are enzymes which are produced by all the organisms on earth

5.        The techniques of genetic engineering include

                       a.          Creation of recombinant DNA

                           b.          Use of gene cloning

                           c.          Gene transfer

                           d.          All of the above    

6.        Two important discoveries in bacteria upon which genetic engineering is based are

                          i.            Presence of plasmid

                        ii.            Restriction endonucleases

                       iii.            Exonucleases

                       iv.            Ligases

 

a.        i and ii

b.        i and iii

c.        ii and iii

d.        ii and iv

7.        The term ‘Restriction’ in Restriction enzyme refers to

a.        Cleaving of phosphodiester bond in DNA by restriction enzyme

b.        Cutting of the DNA at specific position only

c.        Prevention of the multiplication of bacteriophage in bacteria

d.        Both a and b

8.        Recombinant DNA can be produced in the absence of

                              i.            Restriction endonucleases

                             ii.            DNA ligase

                           iii.            DNA fragments

                            iv.            E. coli

    

9.        For constructing rDNA, a plasmid vector is cleaved by

a.        DNA ligase

b.        Taq polymerase

c.        Modified Primer

d.        the same enzyme that cleaves the donor DNA

10.     Which of the following is a plasmid?

a.        BamH I

b.        Sal I

c.        EcoR I

d.        pBR 322

11.     Which of the following is the first restriction endonuclease that was isolated?

a.        Hind II

b.        Bam HI

c.        Eco RI

d.        Pvu I

12.     Presence of insert in a DNA makes the original gene inactive, the phenomenon is known as

a.        Gel electrophoresis

b.        Annealing

c.        Elution

d.        Insertional inactivation

13.     Which of the following is known as natural genetic engineer of plants?

a.        E. coli

b.        Thermus aquaticus

c.        Salmonella typhimurium

d.        Agrobacterium tumefaciens

14.     Read the following statements

                     i.            Each Restriction endonuclease functions by inspecting the length of a DNA sequence & binds to the DNA at the recognition sequence

                    ii.            It cuts the two strands of the double helix at specific points in their sugar-phosphate back bones, exactly at the centre of the palindrome sites

                  iii.            As a result, single-stranded portions called sticky ends, are produced at the ends of the DNA; this stickiness of the ends facilitates the action of enzyme DNA polymerase

                  iv.            'sticky ends' can be joined end-to-end by DNA ligase

  Choose the incorrect statements:

a.        i and ii only

b.        i and iii only

c.        ii and iii only

d.        ii and iv only

15.     In Plasmid pBR 322, tetracyclin resistance gene (tetr) has recognition site for which of the following restriction endonuclease?

a.        Pvu I

b.        Sal I

c.        Cla I

d.        Bam H I

16.     The plasmid vector/s which can grow in prokaryotes as well as eukaryotes is/are

a.        Ti plasmid

b.        Shuttle vector

c.        T DNA

d.        Both a and b

17.     The sticky ends of a fragmented DNA molecule are made of

a.        hydroxyl ions

b.        endonuclease enzyme

c.        unpaired bases

d.        methyl groups

18.     Which of the following vector supports the maximum size of DNA insert?

a.        Phagemid

b.        Cosmid

c.        BAC

d.        YAC

19.     In pBR 322 plasmid, which of the following sites are present in rop gene

a.        Pvu II

b.        Pst I

c.        BamH I

d.        Sal I

20.     Read the following statements:

                          i.            Plasmids are extra chromosomal, self replicating, usually circular dsDNA molecules naturally found in many bacteria

                        ii.            Bacteriophages due to their high number per cell, have very high copy numbers of their genome within the bacterial cells

                       iii.            Some plasmid may have only one or two copies per cell whereas others may have 15-100 copies per cell; their number can go even higher

 

Which of the above statements are correct?

a.        i and ii

b.        i and iii

c.        ii and iii

d.        i, ii and iii

21.     Read the following statements

i.            Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the bacterium that infects a number of dicot plants

ii.            it transfers a piece of its DNA known as T-DNA that transforms the normal plant-cells into tumour cells

iii.        Ti plasmid (Tumour-inducing Plasmid) of Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been modified into cloning vector which pathogenic to plants

iv.            Retroviruses have been modified and used as vectors for transferring DNA into animal cells

 

           Which of the above statement/s is/are incorrect?

a.        i and ii

b.        i, ii and  iii

c.        iii only

d.        i, ii, iii and iv

22.     Read the following statements

                          i.            Electrophoresis is a technique used for the separation of substances based on their size and charge

                        ii.            Bacterial chromosomes & plasmids has single Ori while eukaryotes have a number of Ori

                       iii.            In Eco RI, the roman numeral I indicates that it was the first enzyme isolated from E.coli RY 13

                       iv.            'Ori’ is the sequence responsible for controlling the copy number

                        v.            DNA is positively charged molecule

 

Which of the above statement/s is/are correct?

 

a.        i and ii

b.        i, ii and  iii

c.        i, ii, iii and iv

d.        i, ii, iii, iv and v

 

23.            When a recombinant DNA, having gene for resistance to antibiotic ampicillin is transferred to E. coli, the host cells become transformed into ampicillin resistant cells. If these bacteria are transferred on agar plates containing ampicillin, only transformants  grow and the untransformed cells die. Here ampicillin resistant gene is called as

a.        selectable marker            

b.        ori

c.        cloning site

d.        none of the above 

 

 24 .     Normal E.coli bacteria do not carry resistance against any of the following antibiotics

                          i.            Ampicillin

                        ii.            Chloramphenicol

                       iii.            Tetracycline

                       iv.            Kanamycin

 

a.        i and ii

b.        ii and ii only

c.        i, ii and  iii

d.        i, ii, iii and iv

25.     Read the following statements

                          i.            Making multiple identical copies of any template DNA in host as well as in its progeny is called gene cloning

                        ii.            Transformation is a procedure through which a piece of DNA is introduced in a host bacterium

                       iii.            In plants the term transformation is replaced by transfection

                       iv.            To get many copies of the target DNA , it should be cloned in a vector whose selectable markers support high copy number

 

              Which of the above statement/s is/are correct?

 

a.        i and ii only

b.        ii and iii only

c.        i, ii and  iii only

d.        i, ii, iii and iv

 

26.     What is not correct about pBR322

a.        This is the first artificial cloning vector constructed by Boliver & Roderiguez in 1977

b.        It can not be  used in gene cloning experiments

c.        322 present in the name of plasmid  is the number given to plasmid to distinguish from other plasmids created in same laboratory

 

a.        i and ii only

b.        ii and iii only

c.        i, and  iii only

d.        ii only

27.     Which of the following enzymes generate sticky ends

a.        EcoR I, BamH I and Hind II

b.        Hind II, Sal I and Sma I

c.        Pst I, EcoR I and Pvu I

d.        Pvu I, Sma I and Alu I

28.     How will a plasmid vector without a selectable marker affect the gene cloning process?

a.        The reaction will not occur

b.        Identification of recombinants will not be possible

c.        Product will be formed in lesser amount

d.        Transformation will not take place

29.     Which of the following restriction sites are present in tetR gene of plasmid pBr322

a.        Cla I & Hind III

b.        Pvu I & Sal I

c.        BamH I & Pvu II

d.        Pst I & EcoR I

30.     The linking of antibiotic resistance gene with plasmid vector became possible with  

 

                              i.            DNA polymerase

                             ii.            Exonuclease

                           iii.            DNA ligase

                           iv.            Endonucleases

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