NEET MCQs from Principles of Inheritance and Variation (NCERT Class 12 Biology) for NEET 2025

  

Multiple Choice Questions

 

1. Who is considered the father of modern genetics?

  a) Charles Darwin

  b) Gregor Mendel

  c) Thomas Hunt Morgan

  d) Alfred Wallace

 

2. Which of the following is an example of a dihybrid cross?

  a) Crossing a tall pea plant with a dwarf pea plant

  b) Crossing a plant with yellow round seeds and a plant with green wrinkled seeds

  c) Crossing a red-flowered plant with a white-flowered plant

  d) Crossing a purebred black rabbit with a purebred white rabbit

 

3. What is the phenotypic ratio observed in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross with complete dominance?

  a) 3:1

  b) 1:2:1

  c) 9:3:3:1

  d) 1:1:1:1

 

4. Which type of inheritance pattern results in offspring with a blend of parental traits?

  a) Complete dominance

  b) Incomplete dominance

  c) Codominance

  d) Epistasis

 

5. What is the genotype of a person with type O blood?

  a) IAIA

  b) IBIB

  c) IAIB

  d) ii

 

6. Which of the following best describes a test cross?

  a) A cross between two homozygous individuals

  b) A cross between two heterozygous individuals

  c) A cross between an individual with an unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive individual

  d) A cross between an individual with a dominant phenotype and one with a recessive phenotype

 

7. In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals (AaBb × AaBb), what is the expected phenotypic ratio?

  a) 9:3:3:1

  b) 1:2:1

  c) 3:1

  d) 1:1

 

8. What term describes the situation where one gene masks the effect of another gene at a different locus?

  a) Codominance

  b) Incomplete dominance

  c) Epistasis

  d) Polygenic inheritance

 

9. Which condition is an example of codominance in humans?

  a) Sickle cell anemia

  b) Blood type AB

  c) Red-green color blindness

  d) Hemophilia

 

10. Which of the following inheritance patterns involves multiple genes contributing to a single trait?

   a) Polygenic inheritance

   b) Pleiotropy

   c) Epistasis

   d) Codominance

 

11. In Mendelian genetics, what is the expected genotypic ratio of the F2 generation in a monohybrid cross?

   a) 3:1

   b) 1:2:1

   c) 9:3:3:1

   d) 1:1

 

12. Which genetic disorder is caused by a recessive allele?

   a) Huntington's disease

   b) Cystic fibrosis

   c) Marfan syndrome

   d) Achondroplasia

 

13. What does a Punnett square help predict?

   a) The likelihood of a genetic mutation

   b) The physical traits of an organism

   c) The possible genotypes of offspring from a genetic cross

   d) The sequence of DNA in a gene

 

14. Which of the following best describes pleiotropy?

   a) One gene influencing multiple phenotypic traits

   b) Multiple genes influencing a single trait

   c) A single gene masking the effect of another gene

   d) Two alleles both being fully expressed in a heterozygote

 

15. If a woman with type A blood (IAi) has a child with a man with type B blood (IBi), what blood types could their children potentially have?

   a) A, B, AB, O

   b) A, AB

   c) B, O

   d) A, B

 

Answer Key

 

1. b) Gregor Mendel

2. b) Crossing a plant with yellow round seeds and a plant with green wrinkled seeds

3. a) 3:1

4. b) Incomplete dominance

5. d) ii

6. c) A cross between an individual with an unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive individual

7. a) 9:3:3:1

8. c) Epistasis

9. b) Blood type AB

10. a) Polygenic inheritance

11. b) 1:2:1

12. b) Cystic fibrosis

13. c) The possible genotypes of offspring from a genetic cross

14. a) One gene influencing multiple phenotypic traits

15. a) A, B, AB, O


NOTES : Principles of Inheritance and Variation





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